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Τι (ποιος) είναι Rayah - ορισμός

NAME GIVEN TO COMMON PEOPLE BY OTTOMANS

Reaya

Rayah

·noun A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.

Rayah

A raiyah or reaya (from raee`aya, a plural of ra`iya "citizens, subjects, nationals, flock", also spelled raiya, raja, raiah, re'aya; Ottoman Turkish رعايا ; Modern Turkish râiya or reaya; related to the Arabic word rā'ī راعي which means "shepherd, herdsman, patron") was a member of the tax-paying lower class of Ottoman society, in contrast to the askeri and kul. The raiyah made up over 90% of the general population in the millet communities.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayah

Βικιπαίδεια

Rayah

A raiyah or reaya (from Arabic: رعايا raʿāyā, a plural of رعيّة raʿiya "countryman, animal, sheep pasturing, subjects, nationals, flock", also spelled raiya, raja, raiah, re'aya; Ottoman Turkish رعايا IPA: [ɾeˈʔaːjeː]; Modern Turkish râiya [ɾaːˈja] or reaya; related to the Arabic word rā'ī راعي which means "shepherd, herdsman, patron") was a member of the tax-paying lower class of Ottoman society, in contrast to the askeri and kul. The raiyah made up over 90% of the general population in the millet communities. In the Muslim world, raiyah is literally subject of a government or sovereign. The raiyah (literally 'members of the flock') included Christians, Muslims, and Jews who were 'shorn' (i.e. taxed) to support the state and the associated 'professional Ottoman' class.

However, both in contemporaneous and in modern usage, it refers to non-Muslim subjects in particular, also called zimmi.

In the early Ottoman Empire, raiyah were not eligible for military service, but from the late 16th century, Muslim raiyah became eligible, to the distress of some of the ruling class.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayah

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για Rayah

1. Waleed Al Rayah, a 25–year–old Sudanese civil engineering graduate, said he had just started looking for work.

2. They are headed by Prof Mohamed Abdallah al–Rayah, Nasreldin Shulgami, Mustafa Wad–al–Mamur and Prof Asim Maghrabi and others.

3. They had also accused him of grooming young recruits, including one named Yahia Mouad Mohamed Rayah who was sentenced to 5 years in prison on Monday on terrorism charges.

4. The statements by the Iranian president yesterday that he was ready to return to the negotiating table are a positive sign, which indicates there is still chance to defuse the crisis peacefully.Qatar‘s Al–Rayah Iran‘s decision to resume the uranium enrichment programme for military purposes was well considered and wise and the timing was most appropriate.

5. SULTAN AL–HITAB IN JORDAN‘S AL–RA‘Y EDITORIAL IN EGYPT‘S AL–AKHBAR EDITORIAL IN EGYPT‘S AL–AHRAM ADIB AL–JADIR IN LONDON–BASED AL–HAYAT EDITORIAL IN EGYPT‘S AL–JUMHURIYAH EDITORIAL IN LONDON–BASED AL–QUDS AL–ARABI EDITORIAL IN QATAR‘S AL–RAYAH EDITORIAL IN UAE‘S AL–BAYAN EDITORIAL IN IRAN‘S AL–VEFAGH SAMIH SA‘B IN LEBANON‘S AL–NAHAR BBC Monitoring selects and translates news from radio, television, press, news agencies and the Internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages.